{"id":9187,"date":"2026-11-10T12:35:39","date_gmt":"2026-11-10T07:35:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vetnewsandviews.com\/en\/?p=9187"},"modified":"2026-11-10T18:31:57","modified_gmt":"2026-11-10T13:31:57","slug":"climate-change-pakistan-livestock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vetnewsandviews.com\/en\/climate-change-pakistan-livestock\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Change and Pakistan\u2019s Livestock: Emerging Challenges and Economic Consequences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By Muhammad Uamir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As Pakistan is an agricultural country with livestock as a salient and the largest sector accounting for 62.45% of agriculture. This sector produces milk, meat, eggs, hides and skins, wool and mohair, organic fertilizers (manure), employment and household savings. Beyond all these productions and other products, the implications of climate change is one of the main impeding factors, nowadays. In Pakistan, the visible face of climate change is often portrayed through dramatic events such as glacial melt, erratic monsoon rainfall, and devastating floods. While these shocks capture public and policy attention, a quieter yet more persistent crisis is unfolding within the livestock sector. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This hidden dimension of climate change is steadily eroding rural livelihoods, weakening food systems, and posing emerging risks to public health. The increasing incidence and spread of livestock diseases, which are caused by changing temperature regimes, humidity patterns, and ecological disruptions represent a critical but under-recognized challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As livestock is the powerhouse and ATM of agriculture and backbone of Pakistan\u2019s rural economy contributing 60.6% of the agriculture sector and around 14 percent to national GDP, according to the Pakistan Economic Survey 2022-23. More than 8 million rural households depend on livestock for income, nutrition, and financial resilience. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats serve as vital assets, providing milk, meat, draft power, and a buffer against economic shocks. However, the sustainability of this sector is increasingly threatened by climate-induced stressors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakistan is among the countries most vulnerable to climate change despite contributing less than 1% to global carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions. The country faces rising temperatures, accelerated glacier melting, irregular monsoon rainfall, droughts, heat-waves, and increasingly frequent flash-floods. Pakistan is home to approximately 13,000 glaciers, the largest concentration outside the polar-regions, making it highly sensitive to climate-induced glacial melt and water-related disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For related research coverage, read VNV\u2019s 2023 report on cattle rumen microbes and efforts to reduce methane emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most devastating example of climate change impacts was the 2024-2025 mega flood, whose effects continued to influence livelihoods and economic recovery throughout 2025-2026. According to official Post-Disaster Needs Assessments, nearly one-third of Pakistan was submerged, affecting approximately 33 million people. More than 8 million people were displaced, over 780,000 houses were completely destroyed, and around 1.27 million houses were partially damaged. In addition, about 8,330 kilometers of roads and 3,127 kilometers of railway tracks were damaged, severely disrupting transportation and economic activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The floods had a particularly severe impact on agriculture and livestock. More than 4.4 million acres of agricultural land were damaged, while approximately 0.8 to 1.16 million livestock animals perished. These losses directly affected rural livelihoods, food production, and household income across the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Pakistan’s livestock sector, these climate-related disasters result in animal mortality, disease outbreaks, fodder shortages, water scarcity, reduced milk and meat production, and increased veterinary costs. Consequently, climate change is no longer merely an environmental issue; it has become a major economic, agricultural, livestock, and public health challenge for Pakistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Higher temperatures are causing heat stress, reducing feed intake, fertility, immunity, and milk production. Heat-stressed animals become more susceptible to diseases, particularly high-producing exotic breeds that are less adapted to Pakistan’s climate. At the same time, changing humidity and rainfall patterns are expanding the habitats of disease vectors such as ticks, mosquitoes, and flies, increasing the spread of diseases such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Bacterial (Hemorrhagic septicemia), viral (foot-and-mouth disease)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Parasitic infestations (ticks and mites)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Zoonotic infections like Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Extreme weather events further worsen the situation. The 2024-2025 floods caused massive livestock losses, contaminated water supplies, destroyed feed resources, and triggered disease outbreaks. Conversely, recurrent droughts in regions such as Tharparkar and Balochistan create severe shortages of water and grazing land, weaken animal immunity, and force livestock migration, increasing the transmission of infectious diseases. These challenges extend beyond animal health. Pakistan’s close human-animal interaction places farmers, veterinarians, butchers, and dairy workers at greater risk of zoonotic diseases. The growing threat of CCHF and Avian Influenza highlights the urgent need for preventive action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Addressing these risks requires adopting a One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. Key priorities include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Expanding veterinary services<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Improving diagnostic laboratories<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Developing climate-resilient sensitive disease surveillance systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Promoting climate-smart livestock management, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Investing in locally adapted vaccines, policy compliance and research.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Climate change is no longer only an environmental issue; it is a growing livestock, economic, and public health challenge. Without proactive adaptation and stronger disease-control systems, livestock diseases will continue to reduce productivity, increase rural poverty, threaten food security, and place additional pressure on Pakistan’s economy. Building resilience today is essential to protect both livelihoods and national development in the years ahead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      By Muhammad Uamir As Pakistan is an agricultural country with livestock as a salient and the largest sector accounting for 62.45% of agriculture. 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